HS Codes Explained: How to Classify Your Goods Correctly for Customs
The Harmonized System code decides duty rates, required certificates and statistics. How HS classification works and why getting it right saves money.
Every product that crosses a border needs a tariff code. The international basis is the Harmonized System (HS), maintained by the World Customs Organization and used by most countries in the world.
How an HS code is built
- Chapter — the first two digits (for example, machinery or textiles).
- Heading — the first four digits.
- Subheading — the first six digits, shared internationally.
Countries add further digits to the six-digit HS code for their national tariff and statistics. The full national code determines the duty rate and any special requirements.
Why classification matters
- It sets the duty rate and other import taxes.
- It decides whether certificates or permits are needed.
- It affects eligibility for preferential treatment.
- Wrong codes can lead to delays, extra payments or penalties.
How to classify correctly
- Describe the product precisely: what it is, what it is made of and what it is used for.
- Apply the General Interpretative Rules of the HS in order.
- Check explanatory notes and previous classifications for similar goods.
- When in doubt, ask a customs broker before shipping.
Tip: classify before you buy
Knowing the HS code — and therefore the duty — before you place an order lets you calculate the real landed cost and avoid surprises at the border.
Viking Group determines HS codes and prepares a preliminary calculation of customs duties and payments. Learn more on our Customs Brokerage page.